When the issue of “race” comes up, I need to make the necessary disclaimers:
- I am NOT claiming that American notions of “race” are universal
- I am NOT claiming that American notions of race are logically consistent or “valid”
- I am NOT claiming that people who lived in the Nile Valley 4,500 years ago had American notions of “race.”
- I am not claiming that modern Egyptians have American notions of “race”
- I am not intending to glorify Ancient Egyptian civilization; I am not not claiming that African-Americans are direct descendants of the Pharaohs; I am not claiming that “blacks” are a master race… and so on….
The objective here is to help Muslims navigate through the quagmire of race and identity AS IT IS UNDERSTOOD IN THE USA (and much of the Western world). Without “racial-fluency” (racial-fluency: the ability to understand and talk about race (in America) in a coherent fashion—and to expose its plot holes), many Muslims place themselves at a serious handicap when addressing the issue of racism. This causes many Muslims to suffer from self-esteem issues (especially, those who thought themselves to be “white”–and then rudely finding out that they are not “white” in America… in reality—despite what the Census may say). Also the lack of racial-fluency is a MAJOR IMPEDIMENT when it comes to giving effective da`wah in the US (and many other places). So, with that said, let us, bi’idhnillah, let us unravel this mess.
BACKSTORY
Periodically, I address the issue of the “Race of the Ancient Egyptians”–typically, because you find two opposing camps: those “Eurocentrists,” who laugh at the notion that the Ancient Egyptians were “black.” And then you have the Afrocentrists insisting the Ancient Egyptians were all black (but they often fail to clarify that people living more than four millennia ago did not have Jim Crow era notions of identity). I have some background on this subject since my black nationalist days in college and did a lot of reading about Ancient Egypt and its cultural ties with other parts of Africa.
Most recently, the controversy about the race of the Ancient Egyptians came up over the Netflix docu-drama about Cleopatra. (I have not seen the program—but it does appear to be the standard Leftist, feminist, racialist propaganda that Netflix is notorious for.) This show is controversial because the woman playing the role of Cleopatra is a woman of European descent with African ancestry. For the record, I am NOT claiming that Cleopatra was African or “black.” From what is widely accepted, she was a descendant of the Greeks from the era of Alexander (of Macedonia). (Nonetheless, there is some recent evidence that has led some to argue that one of Cleopatra’s sister was of “African descent.”)
Now one, needs to keep in mind that when one speaks of the Ancient Egyptian dynasties—according to what is regarded as mainstream, orthodox Egyptology, both Lower and Upper Egypt (remember: the Nile flows from the south to the north—the people of the southern half of Egypt until today have dark skin and many have Afros) were united by a south Egyptian ruler circa 3,000 BCE—meaning, about FIVE THOUSAND years ago (that’s TWENTY TIMES longer than the existence of the USA). By the time Alexander, the Greek, invaded Egypt, the country had already been occupied by other ethnic groups from outside of Africa—namely, the Persians, Assyrians, and the Hyksos. After Cleopatra, the Romans and Byzantines ruled in Egypt, then the Arabs. Egypt was even ruled by European slaves for 250 years (i.e., the Mamelukes). The Turks ruled after the Mamelukes until the British eventually took over in the 1800’s. Northern Egypt, especially, has been a very cosmopolitan, melting pot of nations, ethnicities, and “races.” With that said, it is not “delusional Afrocentric propaganda” for one to say that Ancient Egypt of four or five thousand years ago had a substantial “black” population (especially, given that there are millions of “black” Egyptians in the southern half of the country).
THE PROBLEM WITH “BLACKNESS”
One of the problems that arises when people deny that the Ancient Egyptians were “black” is defining what is meant by “black.” For the racist-Eurocentrists (and those who follow them), they concoct the rule that for one to be regarded as “black” IN Africa, one has to have the phenotype of a Wesley Snipes or a Julius Randle. Anyone who does not look like them is not a “genuine ‘black’ African” …according to the Narrative. However we know BY AMERICAN STANDARDS (which are the standards that the racist-Eurocentrists usually apply at least in the West), a person is “black” if they have dark skin, afro-textured, hair, and are of African descent—or even partially of African descent. Hence, a person like Barrack Obama is labeled as America’s first “black” (not biracial) President (although, J.A. Rogers would have disputed the claim that Obama was the first).
One can readily think of a long list of prominent people who are regarded–without hesitation–as being “black” in America (again, regarded as “black” not just by African-Americans, but by the SAME people who would claim that the Ancient Egyptians—or the Egyptians from the southern half of the modern country—are something other than “black”) In the USA, Aisha Curry, Jasmine Guy, Rick Fox, Ice-T, Mariah Carey, Terrence Howard, Beyonce, and on and on… are all regarded as “black.” Nonetheless, according to the Eurocentric Narrative, the people from the central region of Egypt are “not black”–despite the fact that they look like this:
Now, if those on the Eurocentric-Narrative want to say: “Those people (in the image) are a “distinct race of people”–then it is clear that they don’t understand what happens when relatively fair-skinned people mix with “black” people. A person who is part Syrian Kurd and part Nigerian Fulani isn’t (usually) going to look like a full-blooded West African. Furthermore, those people (in the image from Luxor) live within proximity of those who are EXTREMELY dark skinned… many with Afros, and with even more “black African” features. The problem for those on the Eurocentric-Narrative is that they are projecting their racist, Jim Crow view of the world on to Africa and the Nile Valley. Once one removes the distorted lens of racism, the situation is very easy to explain:
“Black” people (in Africa) don’t have a single phenotype. Xhosas from South Africa don’t look like Nilotes from South Sudan, and Nilotes don’t look like Mandinkas from Senegal.”
People traveled; people migrated, people had wars and populations were dispersed… before Western Europeans went around the world allegedly “discovering” people and cramming them into racial categories. The various peoples who have settled into the Nile Valley over MILLENNIA mixed and intermarried… and by the standards that the Eurocentric racists innovated, such people have to be regarded as “black.” That’s THEIR rule—i didn’t say it was my rule.
OLYMPIC LEVELS OF MENTAL GYMNASTICS
In-shaa’ Allah, later we will get to WHY the Eurocentric racists had to separate Egypt from “black Africa.” For now, we will just look at the intellectual contortions they have to engage in to keep the Eurocentric-Narrative afloat. Henry Breasted (America’s premier Egyptologist of the early 1900’s) said: “The Great White Race inhabits Africa down to the 20th parallel. ” The problem for Harry is that the 20th parallel is IN SUDAN. “Sudan” literally means in Arabic: “THE LAND OF THE BLACKS!!!”
Now tell us, where in the USA in the early 1900’s would people who look like the folks in the above image have been regarded as part of the “Great White Race” (as Harry says)?
Jacques-Joseph Champollion-Figeac, the older brother of Jean Francois Champollion (the man who deciphered the Rosetta Stone) said: The two physical traits of black skin and woolly hair are not enough to stamp a race as negro.” Soooooo… having dark skin, having an Afro… and being born in Africa… to native Africans… who have been in Africa for eons isn’t enough to get classified as a “negro” …but Jacques-Joseph’s biracial country man, Alexadre Dumas (author of The Three Musketeers), who was born to French “nobility” was still discriminated against and faced racism because of his African ancestry.
Help. It. Make. Sense!!!
In the course of a recent discussion about the Cleopatra Netflix docudrama, several people kept saying: “Having dark skin doesn’t make one ‘black.’” I’m okay with that—folks in Sri Lanka and the Dravidians in southern India aren’t typically considered “black” (at least by contemporary American standards of “race”)… but when, again, you have a dark skinned person… with an Afro… LIVING IN AFRICA… it is reasonable to call such a person “black”–unless you are willing to totally dismantle 300 years of American racial identity and categorization.
Even the notorious Zahwi Nawwas—former head of Egyptian Antiquities—says in the video: “The shape of the skull looks like it could be—looks like—African.” He also says of the Ancient Egyptians: “They were dark skinned—but they were not black. They’re not Negroes.” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Arz4az52WDs&ab_channel=Mr.Imhotep)
Face Palm.
I mean, let’s get real. Why is it soooooo hard for these people to say: “Yes, by American notions of race, indeed, these people living in the southern half of Egypt—and a large part of the general population of early Ancient Egypt would have been regarded as ‘black’–at least by American standards.” We are giving them a way out by saying: “By American standards”–but they can’t even accept that concession, because for them, they have to divorce Ancient Egypt from the rest of the African continent… at all cost. And this is done so that the Eurocentric and racist worldview can even pretend to be somewhat coherent.
Even more telling is the hypocrisy of the Eurocentric racists regarding their objection to Adele James playing the role of Cleopatra. Those Eurocentric racists refer to Adele James—someone who was born to a British and Welsh woman—as being “black” (she has a father of “Afro-Caribbean descent”–and he may very likely not be of “pure African” ancestry… which would make Adele James more European than African) …but she can only be regarded as “black” if one adheres to what is known as hypodescent—that is, the “One Drop Rule.”
Why is a person who is of no more than half (“black”) African descent regarded as “black?” Why can’t Adele James be a white European with some black African ancestry? I mean, if she isn’t “white”–despite her “white” European heritage, then how by any standard of consistency can she be regarded as “black?” Why is it that being a “white person” with an admixture “black” is regarded as impossible… but being a “black person” with an admixture of “white” is perfectly fine? I mean, if “whites” don’t want to claim those with African ancestry as “one of their own,” then why would it be assumed that “blacks” “want to claim someone” who is of European ancestry as one of their own? The answer is clear: those who accept the Eurocentric—or just general prevailing American—notion of “race” do not regard people who are part “black” and part “white” as being “white.” They are regarded as “black.” So, if that rule applies in the US (and much of the West), then why doesn’t it apply in Africa—in particular those connected to the Nile Valley?
The Eurocentric-Narrative simply doesn’t add up: dark skinned people in Africa (many with Afro-textured hair) aren’t “black” …but if someone has one grandparent of “black” African descent (or even less), then they are incontrovertibly “black” in America. Again, there is an agenda behind all of this—which we will get to, God-willing, in Part 2.